Procedure of Performing Ankle Brachial Pressure Index

Procedure of Performing Ankle Brachial Pressure IndexDescriptionI accompanied the District Nursing Team on placement to a Doppler Clinic for longanimouss referred by their GPs to be assessed for compression bandages. I was talked through the procedure of performing Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI), which required the hobby equipments Hand-held Doppler ultrasound machine 8 MHz probe (5 MHz probe if required for large or oedematous limbs) ultrasound transducer gel sphygmomanometer and handlock and bewilder film/vapour-permeable film dressing or equivalent.I was then asked to carry out the task with an other(a) nurse. I washed my hands, put on my gloves and apron. I raised the bed to my level so I could reach him. Seeking her consent, I asked the patient to remove any tight articles of clothing, which may cause push on the declension vessels proximal to the site where the blood pressure is being measured.I measured the brachial systolic blood pressure by selecting a sphygmoman ometer cuff of an appropriate size and wrapped it around the patients upper arm just above the elbow. I palpated the brachial pulse and applied ultrasound gel. I angled the Doppler probe at 45 degrees to the direction of the blood flow (towards the heart) and adjusted the position to locate the best signal. The Doppler emitted an audible signal and inflated the sphygmomanometer cuff until the signal disappeared. I then deflated the cuff slowly and recorded the pressure at which the signal returned. I repeated this procedure using the patients other arm. I continued this procedure in measuring the ankle systolic pressure by palpating the posterior tibial artery and that of either the anterior tibial or peroneal artery. I then used the higher of these two readings to calculate the ABPI using the following equationABPI = highest ankle systolic pressure/highest brachial systolic pressure. I then recorded and explained the results to the patients. I thanked the patient for her cooperatio n.FeelingsDue to the fact that I had never completed a Doppler observation before, I matte up extremely anxious and uneasy. These feelings were made greater as I became more aware of being judged not only by my mentor and other nurses just now also by the patients most of whom came with their spouses. I felt the pressure more as there were other patients waiting to be seen and taking up in like manner much time may delay them. In spite of these, I preserved and completed the task.EvaluationThroughout this procedure I really grueling and made sure no interruptions took place as I can miss the sphygmomanometer sounds. I actually couldnt get the maiden sphygmomanometer sounds on my first attempt so I explained to the patient and gained permission again to take the recording to which she agreed, I felt self-conscious and nervous as I had baffled the first sphygmomanometer sounds but very pleased when I did manage to get the recording a second time. I feel I have gained a learning skill. The more Doppler recordings I took made me soon realised that no two patients were the same. I also learned that different factors can affect blood pressure, from the patient rushing in late for his appointment which can lead to elevated blood pressure. It has also given me a lot of confidence in myself as I improved my communication skills.AnalysisAn ABPI is a simple non-invasive method of identifying arterial insufficiency within a limb. It compares the ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures. A slight drop in the blood pressure in the legs can be an indicator of peripheral vascular disease. Peripheral vascular disease refers to blockage of arteries. Basically, as compared to the arms, low blood pressure in the lower part of legs can be an indicator of a serious health. In the management of leg ulcers, the ABPI forms a fundamental part of the assessment. Accurate assessment is necessary to determine the correct aetiology of the ulcer and exclude those patients with arte rial disease for whom compression is dangerous (Stacey et al, 2002).In normal circumstances, the blood pressure in the lower leg area is a bit more than that at the elbow. Where an ABPI is greater than 0.9, it is supposed to be normal and holds no risk of peripheral vascular disease. If the ABPI value is more than 1.3, it is an indicator of severe peripheral vascular disease. If the patient is ineffectual to lie flat, the legs will be elevated to the level of the heart. By elevating the legs, the hydrostatic pressure to the legs is reduced.In order to prevent cross-infection the Doppler probe should be cleaned twice with an intoxicant impregnated wipe prior to its use (Kibria et al, 2002). It should be noted that the ABPI should not be undertaken in isolation, but should be used in conjunction with a holistic assessment, and a medical and clinical examination of the limb.ConclusionThere is controversy about the circumstances in which an ABPI should not be performed, so more look f or is required. It has been suggested that an ABPI should not be performed if the patient has a suspected deep vein thrombosis, because there is a risk of emboli or the patient has cellulitis or because the procedure would be too painful or the patient has severe ischemia or because there is a risk of further tissue damage.Action PlanAs an inexperienced learner, I hope to read more about Doppler and ABPI. I believe having an underpinning knowledge in the procedure for taking Doppler blood pressure helps to conceive the theory behind the practice. I aim to do more at any given opportunity in terms of, patient anxiety unseasonable positioning of the patient incorrect size of sphygmomanometer cuff putting excessive pressure on the blood vessel during the procedure releasing the sphygmomanometer cuff from the patient too quickly prolonging inflation of the sphygmomanometer cuff or repeated inflation and moving the Doppler probe during the procedure.